The Decreasing of Tutur (terms of address) in Gayonese: an Ecolinguistics Approach

ABSTRACT

This research discusses about the decreasing of Tutur (terms of address) in Gayonese: An Ecolinguistics approach. To explain various problems on Tutur, this research uses interdicipline approaches as a part of macrolinguistic discipline, especially functional approaches which is part of sociolinguistics and cultural linguistic. More specifically, critical ecolinguistics will be used to approach and explain the socio-cultural and religious concept. Moreover, ecological concept is more common used among Gayonese. This research uses action research method through an explorative survey, depth interview, focus group discussion with the native speakers, observation on the use of Tutur among Gayonese (family, neighborhood, religious and cultural society (Sarak Opat), especially the one related to socio-ecology and also documents related to the main references on ecolinguistics concepts, language and Gayonese. The results of this research find that Gayonese has concept, structure and content of Tutur. In its development, Tutur is less used and even tends to be left by its speakers. There are two factors caused it; the internal factor which occurs in Gayonese as the user of Tutur. Tutur is not taught, used and learnt. The second are the external factors, such as the influences of the use of Bahasa Indonesia, cross marriage, cultural interaction, mass media, education, and information and technology. However, the external factor mostlyy influences the decreasing of Tutur. This shows more about the socio-ecological aspect of Gayo language, especially the ecology of be Tutur in Gayo.


Key Words: Decreasing, tutur, Gayonese, ecolinguistics, critical ecolinguistics, socio-cultural, Sarak Opat, socio-ecological



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